So there are two ways to set time zone in PHP

1. For global scope, add date.timezone parameter in php.ini file

ex: date.timezone = Asia/Jakarta

Note: you need to restart web server to apply the changes

2. For local application scope, add date_default_timezone_set() function in PHP script

ex: date_default_timezone_set(”Asia/Jakarta”);

Just like in PHP, we can also set time zone on MySQL server that differs with system’s default time zone . It can be done at runtime or at startup. Note that by default MySQL uses system/server time zone.

1.  To set time zone at startup, append –timezone=timezonename option to mysqld_safe

ex:

--timezone=Asia/Jakarta or

–timezone=+00:07 ( note  ’+0:07′  indicates the offset from GMT)

or from MySQL configuration file (my.cnf), add default-time-zone=’timezone’ at [myqld] section.

ex:

default-time-zone=’Asia/Jakarta’

Using this way, the settings will be applied to all MySQL connections since startup.

2. To set time zone at runtime and applied to all connections, use SET GLOBAL time_zone = timezone

ex:

mysql>SET GLOBAL time_zone = ‘+0:07′

3. To set timezone at runtime per connection (session), use SET time_zone=timezone

ex:

mysql>SET time_zone=’Asia/Jakarta’

To check the global and session timezone:

mysql>SELECT @@global.time_zone, @@session.time_zone

In PHP, we can execute Mplayer’s command line to get thumbnail and duration of a video file.

The basic command line to get thumbnail is:

[lorenz@localhost] mplayer -ss <position> videofile – frames <numofthumb> -nosound -vo jpeg<:outdir=path/to/outdir>.

where:

position, is seek position in seconds or in hh:mm:ss when the thumbnail is taken
videofile, is the video file or path to video file
numbofthumb,  is the number of thumbnail created
utdir=path/to/outdir, is the output directory. If the outdir is not specified, the default current working directory will be the output directory, make sure the output directory is writetable.

Example

[lorenz@localhost] mplayer -ss 10 video.flv -frames 1 -nosound -vo jpeg:outdir=/home/lorenz/video

The command above will create one thumbnail from video.flv at 10th second position, the output directory is /home/lorenz/video. The resulted thumbnail filename will be 00000001.jpg and will increase in accordance with number of thumbnail created, -frames 10 will result ten thumbnails with filename starts from 00000001.jpg to 00000010.jpg.

To execute in PHP, use exec command

exec("mplayer -ss 10 video.flv -frames 1 -nosound -vo jpeg:outdir=/home/lorenz");

The basic command line to get duration is:

[lorenz@localhost] mplayer -vo null -ao null -frames 0 -identify video.flv

The command above will output a lot of video information, the video duration is on ID_LENGTH=duration line.
To get the duration in PHP, we have to extract ID_LENGTH line from the output string.
The PHP code :

exec('mplayer -vo null -ao null -frames 0 -identify video.flv', $output);

while (list($key, $value) = each($output)) {
      if ($length = strstr($v, "ID_LENGTH=")) break;
}

$data       = explode('=', $length);
$duration   = $data [1];

$con = mysql_connect('dbhost','dbuser','dbpassword');

if (!$con) die("Can't connect to database!");

mysql_select_db('dbname');

$res = mysql_query('SHOW TABLES', $con);

while ($row = mysql_fetch_array($res, MYSQL_NUM))
{
  $res2 = mysql_query("TRUNCATE TABLE `$row[0]`", $con);
}

About TRUNCATE Statement

For an InnoDB table before version 5.0.3, InnoDB processes TRUNCATE TABLE by deleting rows one by one. As of MySQL 5.0.3, row by row deletion is used only if there are any foreign key constraints that reference the table. If there are no foreign key constraints, InnoDB performs fast truncation by dropping the original table and creating an empty one with the same definition, which is much faster than deleting rows one by one.

Figure below shows a scrollable image slider featuring four thumbnails per slide. To display thumbnails from another slide, simply by clicking the navigation buttons located on the right and left slide. Slides can also be scrolled automatically by using the  left and right arrow keyboard or using  the mouse wheel.

Scrollable image slider

In this tutorial, i’ll use Scrollable component from jQuery Tools user interface (UI) library which is based on popular jQuery javascript framework. Current version of jQuery Tools at the time of this writing is version 1.1.2, which can be downloaded here. The library itself consists of six user interface components that can be easily combined:  Tabs, Tooltip, Overlay, Scrollable, Expose, and Flashembed.

How to Setup

• Download Scrollable component from download page and save it as jquery.tools.min.js. You can download it with jQuery (v1.3.2)  as a single file (21.75 kb) or as a separated file (3.37 kb) if you already have jQuery.



• Include the jquery.tools.min.js in the HEAD section of your HTML file

<script src="scripts/jquery.tools.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script>

or

<script src="scripts/jquery-1.3.2.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script src="scripts/jquery.tools.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script>

Using Scrollable UI library

HTML Code

<a class="prevPage left"></a>
<div class="scrollable">
    <div class="items">
        <!-- 1-4 -->
        <img src="http://londatiga.net/tutorials/scrollable/images/img1.jpg" />
        <img src="http://londatiga.net/tutorials/scrollable/images/img2.jpg" />
        <img src="http://londatiga.net/tutorials/scrollable/images/img3.jpg" />
        <img src="http://londatiga.net/tutorials/scrollable/images/img4.jpg" />

        <!-- 5-8 -->
        <img src="http://londatiga.net/tutorials/scrollable/images/img5.jpg" />
        <img src="http://londatiga.net/tutorials/scrollable/images/img6.jpg" />
        <img src="http://londatiga.net/tutorials/scrollable/images/img7.jpg" />
        <img src="http://londatiga.net/tutorials/scrollable/images/img8.jpg" />

        <!-- 10-12 -->
        <img src="http://londatiga.net/tutorials/scrollable/images/img9.jpg" />
        <img src="http://londatiga.net/tutorials/scrollable/images/img10.jpg" />
        <img src="http://londatiga.net/tutorials/scrollable/images/img11.jpg" />
        <img src="http://londatiga.net/tutorials/scrollable/images/img12.jpg" />
    </div>
</div>

<a class="nextPage right"></a>

line 01:  element for left/prev  button.

line 02: root element (div) for the scrollable.

line 03: wrapper element.

line 04-20: scrollable images (will be displayed  four images per slide).

line 24: element for right/next button.

CSS Code

Scrollable

.scrollable {
	background: #ccc;
	position: relative;
	overflow: hidden;
	width: 690px;
	height:145px;
	border:1px solid #ccc;
	-moz-border-radius:4px;
	-webkit-border-radius:4px;
}

.scrollable .items {
	width: 20000em;
	position: absolute;
	clear: both;
}

.scrollable img {
    opacity: 0.6;
	float:left;
	margin:15px 5px 15px 15px;
	background-color:#fff;
	cursor:pointer;
	width:150px;
	height:113px;
	-moz-border-radius:4px;
	-webkit-border-radius:4px;
}

.scrollable .active {
    opacity:1;
	border:2px solid #000;
	z-index:9999;
	position:relative;
}

line 01, style for  container element, the length and width depends on image size and how many images you want displayed per slide.

line 12, style for wrapper element.

line 18,  style for images in a slide.

line 30, style for selected image.

Navigation button (prev & next)

.scrollable { float:left; }

a.left, a.right {
	display: block;
	width: 18px;
	height: 18px;
	float: left;
	margin: 60px 10px;
	cursor: pointer;
}

a.right { background: url(scrollable/arrow/right.png) no-repeat;  clear:right; margin-right: 0px;}
a.right:hover  { background-position:0px -18px; }
a.right:active 	{ background-position:0px 0px; }

a.left	{ background: url(scrollable/arrow/left.png) no-repeat;  margin-left: 0px; }
a.left:hover  { background-position:0px -18px; }
a.left:active  { background-position:-0px 0px; }

a.disabled { visibility:hidden !important; }

line 01, allow next and  prev buttons placed on each side of the slide.

line 12,  set size and position of prev and next buttons.

line 16,  set background image for prev and next buttons.

Javascript Code

<script>
	$(function()  { $("div.scrollable").scrollable({size: 4}); });
</script>

$(”div.scrollable”) is a jQuery selector for scrollabe container. On example above, we set four images for each slide using configuration parameter ‘size‘. Default value of ’size‘ parameter is 5. You can learn more about the API of the Scrollable component on this page.

Image Cropping

Image cropping process can be separated into two separated process. The first process is for acquaring coordinates and dimensions of selected area of an image, which will be done in client side using JavaScript. The next is process for creating a new image based on coordinates and dimensions from previously cropping process using PHP on server side. In this tutorial, i’ll use JavaScript Image Cropper library by David Spurr and PHP GD image processing functions.

Client Side

Image Cropper is an excellent JavaScript library written by David Spurr that makes image cropping easier. It allows us to crop an image using an interface with the same features and styling as found in commercial image editing software. It is based on Prototype JavaScript Framework and Scriptaculous.

How to Setup

1. Download the required library files

- Prototype Javascript Framework

- Scriptaculous (scriptaculous-js-1.8.3.zip)

- Image Cropper (jsCropperUI-1.2.1.zip)

2. Extract scriptaculous-js-1.8.3.zip and copy scriptaculous.js, builder.js, effect.js and dragdrop.js from the extracted files into your web application directory.
3. Extract jsCropperUI-1.2.1.zip and copy cropper.js, marqueeHoriz.gif, marqueeVert.gif, cropper.css from the extracted files into your web application directory ( must reside in the same directory).
4. Include Prototype.js, scriptaculous.js and cropper.js in the HEAD section of your HTML file.

   <script src="scripts/prototype.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
   <script src="scripts/scriptaculous.js?load=effects,builder,dragdrop" type="text/javascript"></script>
   <script src="scripts/cropper.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
   

Using Image Cropper Library

With Dynamic Crop Preview

<script type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8">
Event.observe (
	window,
	'load',
	function() {
		new Cropper.ImgWithPreview(
			't3soeta',
			{
				minWidth: 200,
				minHeight: 100,
                ratioDim: { x: 200, y: 100 },
				displayOnInit: true,
				onEndCrop: saveCoords,
                onloadCoords: { x1: 0, y1: 0, x2: 200, y2: 100 },
                previewWrap: 'preview'
			}
		)
	}
);

function saveCoords (coords, dimensions)
{
	$( 'x1' ).value = coords.x1;
	$( 'y1' ).value = coords.y1;
	$( 'width' ).value = dimensions.width;
	$( 'height' ).value = dimensions.height;
}
</script>

<form action="saveCrop.php" method="post">
<div style="width:750px">
    <div style="float:left">
        <img src="images/t3soeta.jpg" id="t3soeta" width="500" height="375" />
    </div>
    <div id="preview" style="float:right;"></div>
    <div style="clear:both"></div>
    <input type="hidden" name="x1" id="x1" value="">
    <input type="hidden" name="y1" id="y1" value="">
    <input type="hidden" name="width" id="width" value="">
    <input type="hidden" name="height" id="height" value="">
</div>
<input type="submit" name="Done" value=" Done ">
</form>

Line 06: Instantiate Image Cropper class.

Line 07: Image Id.

Line 09: minWidth, is the minimum width for selected area in pixels.

Line 10: minHeight, is the minimum height for selected area in pixels.

Line 11: ratioDim, is the pixel dimensions to apply as a restrictive ratio, with properties x & y.

Line 12: displayOnInit, whether display the selected area on initialisation. If set to true, minWidth and minHeight or ratioDim must be provided.

Line 13: onEndCrop, a callback function which will be called when user finished a crop movement. The function takes two arguments:

• coords, is the coordinates of selected area with properties x1, y1, x2, y2.
• dimensions , is the dimensions of selected area with properties width and height.

On example above (Line 21), coordinates and dimensions are stored in hidden elements and will be sent to server side script (saveCrop.php) using HTTP POST method for later processing .

Line 14: onloadCoords, is the coordinates of the selected area to display onload

Line 15: previewWrap, is the id of container for image crop preview.

Line 21: callback function, as set on onEndCrop option (Line 13).

Line 33: image to be cropped, it’s id must match the id set on Line 07.

Line 35: div container for image crop preview.

Line 37-40: Hidden elements to store coordinates and dimensions of selected area.

View live demo here

Without Dynamic Crop Preview

For using Image Cropper without dynamic preview, change the class from Cropper.ImgWithPreview to Cropper.Img and remove the previewWrap option.

Event.observe (
	window,
	'load',
	function() {
		new Cropper.Img (
			't3soeta',
			{
				minWidth: 200,
				minHeight: 100,
                ratioDim: { x: 200, y: 100 },
				displayOnInit: true,
				onEndCrop: saveCoords,
                onloadCoords: { x1: 0, y1: 0, x2: 200, y2: 100 },
			}
		)
	}
);

View live demo here

Server Side

On server side, image is processed using PHP GD image functions, which required GD library installed.

<?php
$x1      = $_POST['x1'];
$y1      = $_POST['y1'];
$width   = $_POST['width'];
$height  = $_POST['height'];

$srcImg  = imagecreatefromjpeg('images/t3soeta.jpg');
$newImg  = imagecreatetruecolor($width, $height);

imagecopyresampled($newImg, $srcImg, 0, 0, $x1, $y1, $width, $height, $width, $height);

imagejpeg($newImg, 'images/cropped_t3soeta.jpg');
?>

Line 02-05: get coordinates and dimensions sent from client.

Line 07: create source image

Line 08: create a new true color image for cropped image

Line 10: copy selected area from source image into new image using coordinates and dimensions sent from client.

Line 12: Output the new cropped image into a file.

This tutorial will guide you through the creation of a Facebook application using Facebook PHP API that will display Hello World text, called Hola Mundo.  Before we begin to create Facebook application, there are a few things that you have to know:

• You should be familiar with PHP  programming language
• You need to be familiar with web hosting fundamentals and have a place to deploy your application
• You must have a Facebook account

If you have meet the requirements above, you are ready to get started  building Facebook application through this tutorial.

A. Setting Up Your Application

• Go to Facebook developers area, and click Set Up New Application button

Facebook Developers Area

• Type the application name (Hola  Mundo), choose Agree on Facebook Term and then click Create Application button

Create New Application

• Then Facebook will create two keys for your application, the API key and the secret key, write them and save on a file for later use.

Setup Application

• Go to Canvas tab and type a unique URL for your application (hollamundo) on Canvas Page URL, it must be unique or you’ll  get error message if the URL has been used by another application.  In this case i use hollamundo rather than holamundo because it has been used by another application. On Canvas Callback URL, type the URL for the application page on your server . Choose FBML On Render Method option under Canvas Settings,  which enables you to build full Facebook Platform applications that deeply integrate into a user’s Facebook experience. Let another setting options to it’s default then click Save Changes button.

Canvas Settings

• At this time your application is ready, try to type your Canvas Page URL on browser and see what the results. What you get is an error message because your application doesn’t exists on your server, ok don’t worry, lets go to next steps.

B. Configure Application on Your Host

After configuring your application on Facebook, it’s time to do a little bit coding and some server administration tasks.

• Download Facebook  Client Library and extract it, you will find two directories inside,  footprints and php. Copy all files from php directory and upload them to your facebook application directory on your server, that must be the same with Canvas Callback URL you set before.
• Create index.php file with the following contents:

<?php
include_once 'facebook.php';

$apikey    = 'typeyourapikeyhere';
$secretkey = 'typeyoursecretkeyhere';

$fbObj     = new Facebook($apikey, $secretkey);

$myuid     = $fbObj->require_login();

$fbml      = "<h2>Hello world, my name is <fb:name uid=\"$myuid\" useyou=\"false\" />,"
           . "welcome to my first facebook application!</h2>";
echo $fbml;
?>

Simple right ? Facebook has made it simple using FBML, all you have to do is apply the predifined tags on your code. You can read the complete explanation about FBML on Facebook Developers Wiki page here .

line 2:  include the facebook main library file

line 4&5:  define your api key and secret key

line 7:  create an instance of Facebook client class

line 8:  get your facebook user id (uid), the require_login method is used to force user to logged into Facebook before using the application. If they are not logged in, Facebook will redirect them to Facebook login page first and then brings them to your application page after they logged in.

line 9:  your page content’s that display your name using FBML Fb:name tag.

Now your application is complete and ready to be accessed by anyone in the world. Type your Canvas Page URL on browser and you’ll get Allow Access page which is default for Facebook application for the first time access, click Allow button to access your application.

Allow Access Page

Your Application Page

You can view live example application above here

PHP has some functions dealing with file compression that enables us to create zip file on the fly. In this tutorial i will use PHP CreateZipFile classs package from Rochak Chauhan. I have made some examples below to explain how to craete zip file on the fly from multiple files or directory.

Example 1, create zip file from existing files:

<?php
include_once 'CreateZipFile.inc.php';

$createZip = new CreateZipFile;

$createZip->addDirectory('/');

$filecontent1 = file_get_contents('fileone.txt');
$filecontent2 = file_get_contents('filetwo.txt');

$createZip->addFile($filecontent1, '/fileone.txt');
$createZip->addFile($filecontent2, '/filetwo.txt');

$zipFileName = 'myzip.zip';
$handle       = fopen($zipFileName, 'wb');
$out           = fwrite($handle, $createZip->getZippedFile());

fclose($handle);

$createZip->forceDownload($zipFileName);

@unlink($zipFileName);
?>

To create zip file:

• add a directory into zip file using addDirectory method
• add files into directory using addFile method
• create zip file temporary for download and delete it after the file is downloaded

Example 2, create zip file for a directory with it’s contents/subdirectories

<?php
include_once 'CreateZipFile.inc.php';

$createZip = new CreateZipFile;

$createZip->zipDirectory('/testdir', '');

$zipFileName = 'myzip.zip';
$handle       = fopen($zipFileName, 'wb');
$out           = fwrite($handle, $createZip->getZippedFile());

fclose($handle);

$createZip->forceDownload($zipFileName);

@unlink($zipFileName);
?>

To create zip file for a directory, use zipDirectory method that takes two arguments, first is the name of directory that want to be zipped and second is directory name for zipped file.

The code:

<?php
function listDirectory($path)
{
    $handle = @opendir($path);

    while (false !== ($file = readdir($handle))) {
        if ($file == '.' || $file == '..') continue;

        if ( is_dir("$path/$file")) {
            echo "$path/$file\n";
            listDirectory("$path/$file");
        } else {
            echo "$path/$file\n";
        }
    }

    closedir($handle);
}

listDirectory("tutorials");
?>

Here’s the result:

Directory List Using PHP

To start list contents, first open the directory handle using opendir then loop to read the entire contents using readdir. Check if content is a directory or a file using is_dir, if a directory,  then call function listDirectory to read it’s content (recursive).TV6CA39U8TTG

1. Absolute Path, is a path that points to the same location on file system regardless of the working directory or combined paths and usually written in reference to root directory.
2. Relative Path, is a path  that relative to working directory.

In many ways, absolute path is much usefull because it doesn’t need us to redefine the path or link if we change the working directory. For an example, below is a directory hierarchy of a web application that located on a development server  that can be accessd via url www.mysite.com, where /var/www/html is it’s web server’s document root and application root directory and ‘/’ is the application root url.

Document Root

Take a look at index.php in profile directory, to define an url to mypic.jpg in images directory and include lib.php from lib directory:

using absolute path:

<?php
include '/var/www/html/lib/lib.php';

$str = '<img src="/images/mypic.jpg">';
?>

using relative path:

<?php
include '../../lib/lib.php';

$str = '<img src="../../images/mypic.jpg">';
?>

Using absolute path, it wouldn’t be a matter where the working directory is, but it would be a problem if  you change the application root directory into  another directory other than web server’s document root, for example in /var/www/html/web, so your application would be accesed via www.mysite.com/web. We have to edit manually each file that using absolute path because the root directory will changed to /var/www/html/web so the included file will not work.

To overcome this problem, you have to define a global variable that specified absolute path that generally applied to all directories in your application. The  solution is to define two variables which will be used to define root directory for file operations and root url for url operations  in a file that would be placed in the root directory .

<?php
define('ROOT_DIR', dirname(__FILE__));
define('ROOT_URL', substr($_SERVER['PHP_SELF'], 0, - (strlen($_SERVER['SCRIPT_FILENAME']) - strlen(ROOT_DIR))));
?>

Save it as init.php and place it in your application root directory.So, from our example above, using the two variables:

<?php
include '../../init.php';
include ROOT_DIR .  '/lib/lib.php';

$img = '<img src="' .  ROOT_URL . '/images/my.pic.jpg">';
?>

As you can see, it will be applied in any directories regardless where the current working directory or server document root.